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Tuesday, 24 December 2013
Wednesday, 18 December 2013
NEW YEAR DAY 2014
New Year is the time at which a new calendar year begins and the calendar's year count is incremented. In many cultures, the event  is celebrated in some manner.The New Year of the Gregorian calendar, today  in worldwide use, falls on 1 January (New Year's Day), as was  the case with the Roman  calendar. There are numerous calendars that remain in regional use that  calculate the New Year differently.
The order  of months in the Roman calendar was January to December since KingNuma  Pompilius in about  700 BC, according to Plutarch and Macrobius. It was only relatively recently  that 1 January again became the first day of the year in Western culture. Until  1751 in England and Wales (and all British dominions) the new year started on  25 March – Lady Day, one of  the four quarter  days (the  change to 1 January took place in 1600 in Scotland). Since then, 1 January has been the  first day of the year. During the Middle Ages several other days were variously  taken as the beginning of the calendar year (1 March, 25 March, Easter, 1  September, 25 December). In many  countries, such as the Czech Republic, Italy, Spain and the UK, 1 January is a  national holiday.
For  information about the changeover from the Julian  calendar to the Gregorian calendar and the effect on the dating of historical  events etc., see Old Style  and New Style dates.
With the  expansion of Western culture to many other places in the world during recent  centuries, the Gregorian  calendar has been  adopted by many other countries as the official calendar, and the 1 January  date of New Year has become global, even in countries with their own New Year  celebrations on other days (such as Israel, China and India). In the culture of  Latin America there are a variety of traditions and superstitions surrounding  these dates as omens for the  coming year. The most common modern dates of celebration are listed below,  ordered and grouped by their appearance relative to the conventional Western  calendar
Tuesday, 17 December 2013
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church,
The Catholic Church, also known as  the Roman Catholic Church,  is the world's largest Christian church, with 1.2 billion members. The Catholic hierarchy includes cardinals and bishops and is led by the Bishop of Rome, known as  the Pope. The Church teaches that it is the one true church divinely founded by Jesus Christ. It also teaches that its bishops are  the successors of Christ's apostles and that the Bishop of Rome, as the successor  to the head of  the apostles, Saint  Peter, has supreme authority over the  Church. The Church maintains that  the doctrine on faith and morals that it presents as definitive is infallible. Within the Church there are a variety  of doctrinal and theological traditions, including the Eastern Catholic Churches, the personal ordinariates and religious  communities.
The  Catholic Church is Trinitarian and defines its mission as spreading the Gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity.  Catholic worship is highly liturgical,  focusing on the Mass or Divine  Liturgy, in which the sacrament of the Eucharist is celebrated. The Church teaches that when  consecrated by a validly ordained  priest the bread  and wine used during the Mass become the body and  blood of Christ through transubstantiation. The  Catholic Church practices closed  communion and onlybaptised members of the Church in a state of grace are ordinarily permitted to receive the  Eucharist. It holds the Virgin  Mary, as mother of Jesus Christ, in special regard and has defined  four specific Marian  dogmatic teachings, namely her Immaculate  Conception without original  sin, her status as the Mother of  God, her perpetual  virginity and her bodily  Assumption into Heaven at the end of her earthly life.
Catholic  social teaching emphasizes  support for the poor and the afflicted through the corporal  works of mercy. These include social programmers and institutions throughout the  world, including Catholic  schools, universities, hospitals,  missions and shelters, as well as charities such as Catholic Relief Services and Caritas that help families, the poor, the elderly and  the sick. Catholic spiritual teaching emphasizes spread of the Gospel message  and growth in spiritual discipline through the spiritual works of mercy.
The  Catholic Church is among the oldest institutions in the world and has played a  prominent role in the  history of Western civilization,  inspiring art, culture and philosophy. In the Middle Ages, the  Church replaced the Roman Empire as a unifying force in Europe and the papacy became involved in politics. In recent  decades, the Church has been criticisedfor its  doctrines concerning sexual  issues and the ordination of women as well as for its handling of sexual abuse cases.
Sunday, 15 December 2013
Friday, 13 December 2013
Easter festival
Easter (Old  English ; Latin: Pascha; Greek  Paskha, the latter two derived  from Hebrew: Pesaḥ) is a Christian festival and holiday  celebrating theresurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day  after his  crucifixion at Calvary as described in  the New  Testament. Easter is the  culmination of the Passion of Christ, preceded by Lent, a  forty-day period of fasting,  prayer, and The last week of Lent is called Holy Week, and it  contains the days of the Easter  Triduum, including Maundy  Thursday (also  known as Holy Thursday), commemorating the Last  Supper and its  preceding foot washing   as well  as Good Friday,  commemorating the crucifixion  and death of Jesus. Easter is followed  by a fifty-day period called Eastertide, or the  Easter Season, ending with Pentecost  Sunday.
Easter is  a moveable feast, meaning  it is not fixed in relation to the civil  calendar. TheFirst Council of Nicaea (325)  established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after thefull moon (the Paschal  Full Moon) following the March equinox. Ecclesiastically, the equinox is  reckoned to be on 21 March (although the astronomical equinox occurs on 20  March in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily on the  astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between 22  March and 25 April. Eastern  Christianity bases its  calculations on the Julian  calendar, whose 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April  in the Gregorian  calendar, and in which therefore the celebration of Easter varies between  4 April and 8 May.
Easter is  linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the  calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and  "Passover" are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian  world, and includesunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal  greeting, clipping  the church and decoratingEaster eggs,  a symbol of the empty tomb. Additional  customs that have become associated with Easter and are observed by both  Christians and some non-Christians include egg  hunting, the Easter  Bunny, and Easter  parades.
Thursday, 12 December 2013
Wednesday, 11 December 2013
Jesus good friday
Good Friday is a religious holiday observed primarily by Christians  commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and his death at Calvary. The  holiday is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum on the  Friday preceding Easter Sunday, and may coincide with the Jewish observance of Passover.  It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Black Friday,  or Easter Friday, though the latter properly refers to the Friday in  Easter week.
Based on the details of the Canonical gospels, the Crucifixion of Jesus was most likely to have been on a Friday (the day before the Sabbath) (John 19:42). The estimated year of the Crucifixion is AD 33, by two different groups, and originally as AD 34 by Isaac Newton via the differences between the Biblical and Julian calendars and the crescent of the moon. A third method, using a completely different astronomical approach based on a lunar Crucifixion darkness and eclipse model (consistent with Apostle Peter's reference to a "moon of blood" ), points to Friday, 3 April AD 33.
Based on the details of the Canonical gospels, the Crucifixion of Jesus was most likely to have been on a Friday (the day before the Sabbath) (John 19:42). The estimated year of the Crucifixion is AD 33, by two different groups, and originally as AD 34 by Isaac Newton via the differences between the Biblical and Julian calendars and the crescent of the moon. A third method, using a completely different astronomical approach based on a lunar Crucifixion darkness and eclipse model (consistent with Apostle Peter's reference to a "moon of blood" ), points to Friday, 3 April AD 33.
Friday, 6 December 2013
Christmas Stars
In Christian tradition, the Star of Bethlehem, also called the Christmas  Star, revealed the birth of Jesus to the Biblical Magi, and later led them  to Bethlehem. The star appears only in the nativity story of the Gospel of  Matthew, where magi "from the east" are inspired by the star to  travel to Jerusalem. There they meet King Herod of Judea, and ask where the king  of the Jews had been born. Herod, following a verse from the Book of Micah  interpreted as a prophecy, directs them to Bethlehem, a nearby village. The  star leads them to Jesus' house in Bethlehem, where they worship him, and give  him gifts. The wise men are then given divine warning not to return to Herod so  they return to their "own country" by a different route.
Many Christians see the star as a miraculous sign to mark the birth of the Christ . Some theologians claimed that the star fulfilled a prophecy, known as the Star Prophecy. Astronomers have made several attempts to link the star to unusual astronomical events, such as a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, a comet or a supernova.
Many modern scholars doubt the historical accuracy of the story and argue that the star was a pious fiction created by the author of the Gospel of Matthew.
The subject is a favorite at planetarium shows during the Christmas season, although the Biblical account suggests that the visit of the magi took place at least several months after Jesus was born.The visit is traditionally celebrated on Epiphany (January 6) in Western Christianity. The star often appears in representations of the manger scene found in Luke, although the star and the wise men do not appear in Luke's nativity story.
Many Christians see the star as a miraculous sign to mark the birth of the Christ . Some theologians claimed that the star fulfilled a prophecy, known as the Star Prophecy. Astronomers have made several attempts to link the star to unusual astronomical events, such as a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, a comet or a supernova.
Many modern scholars doubt the historical accuracy of the story and argue that the star was a pious fiction created by the author of the Gospel of Matthew.
The subject is a favorite at planetarium shows during the Christmas season, although the Biblical account suggests that the visit of the magi took place at least several months after Jesus was born.The visit is traditionally celebrated on Epiphany (January 6) in Western Christianity. The star often appears in representations of the manger scene found in Luke, although the star and the wise men do not appear in Luke's nativity story.
Wednesday, 4 December 2013
Christ Easter
Easter is a Christian festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection  of Jesus Christ on the third day after his crucifixion at Calvary as described  in the New Testament. Easter is the culmination of the Passion of Christ,  preceded by Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.
The last week of Lent is called Holy Week, and it contains the days of the Easter Triduum , including Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday), commemorating the Last Supper and its preceding foot washing ,as well as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. Easter is followed by a fifty-day period called Eastertide, or the Easter Season, ending with Pentecost Sunday.
Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the March equinox. Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (although the astronomical equinox occurs on 20 March in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily on the astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between 22 March and 25 April. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian calendar, whose 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the Gregorian calendar, and in which therefore the celebration of Easter varies between 4 April and 8 May.
Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian world, and include sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb. Additional customs that have become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades
The last week of Lent is called Holy Week, and it contains the days of the Easter Triduum , including Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday), commemorating the Last Supper and its preceding foot washing ,as well as Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. Easter is followed by a fifty-day period called Eastertide, or the Easter Season, ending with Pentecost Sunday.
Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the March equinox. Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (although the astronomical equinox occurs on 20 March in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily on the astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between 22 March and 25 April. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian calendar, whose 21 March corresponds, during the 21st century, to 3 April in the Gregorian calendar, and in which therefore the celebration of Easter varies between 4 April and 8 May.
Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are identical or very similar. Easter customs vary across the Christian world, and include sunrise services, exclaiming the Paschal greeting, clipping the church and decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb. Additional customs that have become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades
Monday, 2 December 2013
The Christian Cross
The Christian Cross, seen as a representation of the  instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, is the best-known religious  symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix (a cross that includes a  usually three-dimensional representation of Jesus' body) and to the more  general family of cross symbols. 
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